1. Introduction

This quotation from Robert Blondin fits perfectly in the wake of the case law of the French Court of Cassation which still refuses to grant any protection to the fragrance of a perfume. The secrets of the perfume and its olfactory composition could thus be discovered with the help of noses, analyzed and reproduced by competitors without any risk for them to be prosecuted for counterfeiting. Despite the opposition that has marked some substantive jurisdictions against the lack of protection of perfumes by copyright, the Court of Cassation has continued to maintain its position by judging that "the fragrance of a perfume, which proceeds from the mere implementation of a know-how, does not constitute the creation of a form of expression that can benefit from the protection of works of the mind by copyright".

The method for selecting members of the bench by judicial elections may seem unfounded and unnecessary compared to the European practices, but it bears paramount significance in the United States, as almost 90 percent of all state judges face voters at least once during their career (Streb, 2007, p. 7). Although the debate between advocates and opponents of the judicial elections emphasises the constitutional and financial approaches, the aim of this essay is to fathom the effect of the elective methods on the criminal justice system. After analysing the origins and the different methods of these elections, the following parts focus on the effects on the severity of the sentences and the appellate decisions.

The main aim of this analysis is to clarify the content of the term lex mercatoria, what was its way of development and to briefly describe the general attitude of the courts (as authorities of law enforcement) towards it. It is important to know the history and the reason for the creation of lex mercatoria, the later codification, and also its place in the legal world. Furthermore, it is essential to analyse the purpose of the International Court of Arbitration, which plays a significant role in the use of merchant law nowadays and, at last, to discover how important the merchant law is today.

What is Corporate Social Responsibility?

As the field of human rights develops, wideness and increases in importance, it influences and also it intertwines with the corporations and business world. Therefore, the concept of corporate social responsibility has developed. We shall start by defining this term.