The legality of the European Commission’s enforcement powers on competition law from a human rights perspective. A view on ne bis in idem.
Introduction on the procedural challenges in the enforcement of European competition law
The effectiveness of Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union relies upon the public enforcement of these provisions by the European Commission. It also depends on enforcement by national competition authorities and on private enforcement, but these aspects are beyond the scope of this paper.