Definition

Extradition (Ro.: extrădare, De.: ~e Auslieferung, Fr.: extradition, n.f., Gr.: έκδοση κρατουμένου, Cz.: extradice) (See also: Aut dedere aut judicare, Abduction, Banishment, Deportation, Expatriation, Expulsion, Extraterritorial jurisdiction, Rendition) = the process of surrendering an individual accused or convicted of an offense, by the state whose  territory he/she is found on, to the state competent of judging  and punishing him/her, usually under the provisions of a bilateral treaty or statute.

~ treaty  (Ro.: tratat de ~, ~s Vertrag, Fr.: traité d’extradition, n.m., Gr.: συμφωνία έκδοσης) (See also: Speciality principle, Dual Criminality) = an agreement between two states through which they consent to extradite offenders, often listing the crimes  the person can be extradited for and/or providing a minimum standard of punishment. 

Warrant of ~ (Ro.: mandat de ~, De.: ~r Antrag, Fr.: mandat d’extradition, n.m., Gr.: αίτηση έκδοσης) = a written request of extradition addressed to the asylum state, which indicates the identity of the offender and the crime he/she (allegedly) committed on the territory of the demanding state. 

 

Useful links

Legislation

http://legeaz.net/noul-cod-penal/art-14 - Romanian Criminal Code [Romanian]

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/content/download/1958/13719/version/3/file/Code_34.pdf – French Code of Criminal Procedure (Chapter V – Extradition, articles 696-1 to 696-47) [English]

http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/71600.pdf – U.S. Code [English]

http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/22/content_68710.htm – Extradition Law of the People’s Republic of China [English]

http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/024.htm - European Convention on Extradition [English]

http://www.oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative/39356136.pdf – Extradition Arrangements within Asia-Pacific [English]

http://www.oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative/39355247.pdf  +  http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2013L00397 – Australia Extradition Act 1988 and Extradition Regulation 2013 [English]

http://www.just.ro/Sectiuni/Cooperarejudiciar%C4%83interna%C5%A3ional%C4%83/Cooperarejudiciar%C4%83interna%C5%A3ional%C4%83_penala/Tratatebilaterale/tabid/616/Default.aspx – Romania’s bilateral treaties regarding extradition [Romanian]

Organizations and associations

http://www.extradition-lawyers.com/home/home.asp – Extradition Lawyers’ Association 

http://www.fairtrials.net/justice-in-europe/the-european-arrest-warrant/ - Fair Trials International

http://www.extraditionofficials.org/2013/Home.html – National Association of Extradition Officials (USA)

http://fugitiverecovery.com/directory/ - Fugitive Recovery Network (USA)

http://www.interpol.int/ - INTERPOL

Online Publications

http://www.lawyr.it/index.php/articles/international-focus/351-a-case-for-legitimising-abduction-as-a-means-of-procuring-the-defendant – Moroșan, D., Mureșan, C., Negruțiu, I., 2012, A case for legitimising abduction as a means of procuring the defendant, Lawyr.it

http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Publications/Mutual_Legal_Assistance_Ebook_E.pdf - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2012, Manual on Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition

http://www.surjournal.org/eng/conteudos/getArtigo18.php?artigo=18,artigo_10.htm – Jonas, O., 2012, Human Rights, Extradition and the Death Penalty: Reflections on The Stand-Off Between Botswana and South Africa, International Journal of Human Rights – SUR

http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/IOR40/001/2009/en/a4761626-f20a-11dd-855f-392123cb5f06/ior400012009en.pdf - Amnesty International, 2009, International Law Commision: The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare)

http://www.internationallawreview.eu/article/legal-regulation-of-the-extradition-in-romania - Buneci, P., 2008, Legal Regulation of the extradition in Romania, Law Review, Union of Jurist of Romania

Publications

Bassiouni, M. Cherif, 2007, International Extradition: United States Law & Practice, 5th edition, USA, Oxford University Press

Council of Europe, 2007, Extradition: European Standards (International Law)

Anagnostopoulos, I., 2014, Criminal justice cooperation in the European Union after the first few “steps”: a defence view, ERA Forum, 27 February 2014 [available for a fee at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12027-014-0337-0]

Vandebroek, E., Verbruggen, F., 2013, The EU and death penalty abolition: the limited prospects of judicial cooperation as an external policy tool, New Journal of European Criminal Law, vol. 4, issue no. 4, pp. 481-505

Spencer, J.R., 2013, Extradition, the European arrest warrant and human rights, The Cambridge Law Journal, vol. 72, issue no. 2, pp. 250-253, available online at: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=8948750&jid=CLJ&volumeId=72&issueId=02&aid=8948748&bodyId=&membershipNumber=&societyETOCSession=

 

By Irina Negruțiu