Definition
Predatory pricing (in antitrust law) (Ro.: prețuri agresive, Fr.: prix prédatoires, n.m.pl./ prix d’éviction, n.m.pl., Gr.: επιθετική πολιτική τιμών, Cz.: vykořisťující ceny, Cr.: pravo prvokupa) (See also: undercutting) = a type of anti-competitive pricing strategy, in which goods or services are sold at prices below survival costs, or given away freely, with the intent of undermining or eliminating competitors from the market.
Useful links
Case law
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/479/104/case.html - Cargill, Inc. v. Monfort of Colo., Inc., 479 U.S. 104, 117 (1986)
http://www.concurrences.com/Droit-de-la-concurrence/Glossaire-des-termes-de/Predatory-pricing?lang=en – Predatory pricing, Related national and EU case laws
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=509&invol=209 – Brooke Group Ltd. v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 509 U.S. 209 (1993), US Supreme Court
Organisations and associations
https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/competition-guidance/guide-antitrust-laws/single-firm-conduct/predatory-or-below-cost - Predatory or Below-Cost Pricing, Federal Trade Commission (USA)
https://www.oecd.org/competition/abuse/2375661.pdf – 1989, Predatory pricing, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development
http://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/uploads/library/doc828.pdf – The Unilateral Conduct Working Group, 2012, Unilateral Conduct Workbook. Chapter 4: Predatory Pricing Analysis, International Competition Network
http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/reports/236681_chapter4.htm – Price predation, US Department of Justice (USA)
http://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/cpn/2009_2_8.pdf – Ballesteros, Iratxe Gurpegui, Szarka, Agnes, 2009, Predatory pricing in the telecoms sector: the ECJ rules on the issue of recouping losses, Competition Policy Newsletter, Europa.eu
http://www.cei.org/PDFs/predatorypricing.pdf – Boudreaux, Donald J., Kleit, Andrew N., 1996, How The Market Self-Polices Against Predatory Pricing, Competitive Enterprise Institute (USA)
https://www.fee.org/freeman/detail/predatory-pricing-laws-hazardous-to-consumers-health – Boudreaux, Donald, 1994, Predatory Pricing Laws: Hazardous to Consumers Health, Foundation for Economic Education (USA)
Online Publications
http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2015/03/25/predatory-pricing-doesnt-work-but-we-still-dont-like-cartels/ - Worstall, Tim, 2015, Predatory Pricing Doesn’t Work but We Still Don’t like Cartels, Forbes
http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/apr/09/google-faces-complaint-european-regulator-pricing – 2013, Google faces complaint to European regulator over 'predatory pricing', The Guardian
http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/cornell-law-review/upload/Crane-final.pdf - Crane, Daniel A., 2005, The Paradox of Predatory Pricing, Cornell Law Review
https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/pbolton/PDFS/BBRPrincetonDP.pdf - Bolton, Patrick, Brodley, Joseph F., Riordan, Michael H., Predatory Pricing: Strategic Theory and Legal Policy, Columbia.edu
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/24/business/wal-mart-on-trial-on-predatory-pricing-charges.html – Jones, Kathryn, 1993, Wal-Mart on Trial on 'Predatory Pricing' Charges, The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/09/business/09SHOP.html?ex=1137560400&en=56e96432d0a4872b&ei=5070 – 2000, Germany Says Wal-Mart Must Raise Prices, The New York Times
http://www.telecomasia.net/content/eu-court-upholds-antitrust-fine-against-france-telecom-unit – Au, Maggie, 2007, EU court upholds antitrust fine against France Telecom unit, Telecomasia.net
Publications
American Bar Association, 2007, Antitrust Law Developments, 6th Edition, USA, ABA Publishing, pp.272-289
Beatty, Jeffrey, Samuelson, Susan, 2012, Business Law and the Legal Environment. Standard Edition, UK, Cengage Learning, pp. 941-942
Hirai, Leo, 2002, A game theoretic model of predatory pricing decisions in markets with network effects, Los Angeles, University of California
Motta, Massimo, 2004, Competition Policy: Theory and Practice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 413-418
By Ana Pintea