Definition
Exception of unconstitutionality/Challenge the constitutionality of a law (Ro.: excepție de neconstituționalitate, Fr.: exception d'inconstitutionnalité, n.f., Gr.: ένσταση αντισυνταγματικότητας διάταξης νόμου, Cz.: výjimka z protiústavnosti) (See also: constitution, Constitutional Court) = procedural mean of defence by which a party pleads the unconstitutionality of a law, or of a part of it, in front of a court or of an arbitration court.
In the majority of legal systems, the exception is analysed by a specialised court (for instance, in Romania: The Constitutional Court, in France: Conseil Constitutionnel).
Useful links
Legislation
http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?den=act2_1&par1=5 – The Constitution of Romania, Title V, Romania [Romanian]
http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071194#LEGIARTI000019241077 – The Constitution of France, Article 61, 61-1, France [French]
https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_5.1 - Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Title II, Rule 5.1., US [English]
http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/htm/1.htm - Political Constitution of the United Mexican States , Article 105, Mexico [Spanish]
Organisations and associations
https://www.ccr.ro/- The Constitutional Court of Romania (Romania)
http://ukconstitutionallaw.org/- United Kingdom Constitutional Law Association (UK)
http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/ - Conseil Constitutionnel de la République Française (France)
http://www.cato.org/blog/course-defendants-can-challenge-constitutionality-laws-under-which-theyre-prosecuted - Cato Institute (US)
http://www.ag.ny.gov/appeals-opinions/notification-constitutional-challenges-state-law - Notification of Constitutional Challenges to State Law, Attorney General (US)
Online Publications
http://www.uab.ro/reviste_recunoscute/reviste_drept/annales_10_2007/sabau_pop_ro.pdf - Sabău-Pop, I., 2007, Consideraţii privind excepţia de neconstituţionalitate ridicată în faţa instanţelor judecătoreşti în condiţiile art. 29 din legea privind organizarea şi funcţionarea Curţii Constituţionale, Series Jurisprudentia Publication
http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/nouveaux-cahiers-du-conseil/cahier-n-27/l-exception-d-inconstitutionnalite-en-roumanie-la-question-prejudicielle-de-constitutionnalite-devant-la-cour-constitutionnelle.51461.html - Malvasio, F., 2010, L'exception d'inconstitutionnalité en Roumanie: la question préjudicielle de constitutionnalité devant la Cour constitutionnelle, Cahiers du Conseil constitutionnel no.27
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1168&context=wmborj – Kreit, Alex, 2010, Making Sense of Facial and As-Applied Challenges, William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Publications
Maraist, Frank L., Galligan, Thomas C. Jr., 2014, Louisiana Tort Law, US, LexisNexis
Safta, M., 2014, Drept constituțional si instituții politice, Vol. I. Teoria generală a dreptului constituțional. Drepturi si libertati, Bucharest, Hamangiu Publishing House
Schütze, R., 2012, European Constitutional Law, New York, Cambridge University Press
By Raluca-Andreea Trîncă-Găvan